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Anwar El Sadat
Anwar Sadat was born in Mit Aboul kom , a small village in the Egyptian governorate of Menofeya in 1918. He had 13 brothers and sisters in a poor family. His father was a clerk in local the military hospital. Sadat joined the military school in 1936 and when graduated he was posted to a distant outpost where he met Gamal Abd El Nasser and other young officers forming a revolutionary group called The Free Officers movement destined to overthrow the British rule and free Egypt from occupation. Sadat was jailed twice and expelled from the Army for his revolutionary connected acts. He returned to civilian life and worked in several fields until he returned to the military life with the help of one of his friends who was connected with King Farouk at that time. On July 23rd, 1952 a coup was organized by the Free Officers movement which led eventually to the end of the British occupation of Egypt in 1956. Egypt was confronted by major political powers in a changing world trying to force their influence on the newly born regional power. 1956 Suez war and 1967 Sinai war were the two major events that shaped political life in Egypt for years to come. Sadat was elected president of Egypt in 1970 after the sudden death of Nasser where he faced the influence of hardliners and local super power figures in the Egyptian government whom he jailed in a movement he named the correction movement on May 15th, 1971. On October 6, 1973 the Egyptian army attacked the Israeli forces occupying Sinai and forced a UN resolution to end the war in terms satisfactory to Egypt led by Anwar Sadat. Sadat used this new situation in Sinai to persuade the Israelis to sign a peace agreement supervised by the Americans in 1979 which led to the withdrawal of the Israelis from Sinai. For his efforts Sadat won the Nobel prize for peace. Sadat's new relationship with the west and his peace treaty generated considerable domestic opposition, especially among fundamentalist Muslim groups. October 6, 1981, Sadat died at the hands of fundamentalists assassins during a military review celebrating the 1973 War. |
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